Battery, Powertrain & Thermal Sensing: How can advanced sensing technologies improve BTMS efficiency and extend battery life in high-performance EVs? What innovative refrigerant system cooling strategies optimize battery cooling in extreme conditions? How can real-time thermal sensing enhance powertrain efficiency while maintaining vehicle safety and reliability?

Advanced Cooling Systems & Smart Control: What are the trade-offs between liquid cooling and air cooling in optimizing battery thermal performance? How do advancements in heat pump technology contribute to energy-efficient vehicle thermal management? What role do improved connection designs play in enhancing cooling efficiency and battery handling?

Advanced Materials & Components: How are next-generation thermal interface materials shaping the future of EV thermal management? What material innovations in electric motors improve cooling efficiency and overall powertrain performance? How do advanced MEMS sensors enhance real-time thermal monitoring and system response in EVs?

Simulation, AI & Predictive Systems: How can AI-driven simulation tools optimize TIM selection and integration for enhanced EV thermal performance? What role does predictive modeling play in addressing thermal management challenges in fuel cell vehicles? How can model-based system testing improve the efficiency and reliability of EV thermal management strategies?